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Table 1 Summary of sample sizes, population, regime, and outcomes

From: A systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative oral decontamination in patients undergoing major elective surgery

Author

Location

Patients (chlorhexidine vs. control)

Population

Chlorhexidine strength

Regime

Overall nosocomial infection

Postoperative pneumonia

Mortality

De Riso 1996

USA

353 (173 vs. 180)

Cardiac

0.12 %

Preop (no time scale given) and postop (discharge from ITU or death). Mean = 8.2 days

8/173 (4.6 %)

24/180 (13.3 %)

5/173 (2.9 %)

17/180 (9.4 %)

3/173 (1.7 %)

10/180 (5.6 %)

Houston et al 2002

USA

561 (270 vs. 291)

Cardiac

0.12 %

Preop (no time scale given) and postop (10 days or extubation, tracheostomy, development of POP or death)

4/270 (1.5 %)

9/291 (3.1 %)

6/270 (2.2 %)

3/291 (1 %)

Nicolosi et al 2014

Argentina

300 (150 vs. 150)

Cardiac

0.12 %

Preop (3 days)

46/150 (30.7 %)

69/150 (46 %)

4/150 (2.7 %)

13/150 (8.7 %)

8/150 (5.3 %)

7/150 (4.7 %)

Segers et al. 2006

USA

991 (500 vs. 491)

Cardiac

0.12 %

Preop (mean = 1.9 days) and postop (no time scale given)

116/500 (23.2 %)

164/491 (33.4 %)

45/500 (9 %)

74/491 (15.1 %)

8/500 (1.6 %)

6/491 (1.2 %)