Table 1 Patient charcteristics
Midazolam cohort (n = 214) | Non-midazolam cohort (n = 218) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
Year of enrollment | |||
2015 | 190 (88.8) | – | |
2016 | 24 (11.2) | – | |
2017 | 39 (17.9) | – | |
2018 | 179 (82.1) | – | |
Baseline characteristics | |||
Age, years | 67 ± 4 | 67 ± 5 | 0.204 |
Body mass index | 26.7 ± 3.5 | 26.2 ± 3.1 | 0.212 |
Education | 0.064 | ||
Graduation from highschool | 118 (55.1) | 117 (53.7) | |
No graduation from highschool | 91 (42.5) | 101 (46.3) | |
Not available | 5 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Mini-mental Status Examination | 29 ± 1 | 29 ± 1 | < 0.001 |
Patient Health Questionnaire 9 | 4 ± 3 | 3 ± 3 | 0.197 |
ASA physical status | < 0.001 | ||
I | 43 (20.1) | 21 (9.6) | |
II | 133 (62.1) | 176 (80.7) | |
III | 38 (17.8) | 21 (9.6) | |
Comorbid conditions | |||
Arterial hypertension | 113 (52.8) | 122 (56.0) | 0.510 |
Coronary heart disease | 25 (11.7) | 20 (9.2) | 0.394 |
Congestive heart failure | 2 (0.9) | 3 (1.4) | 1.000 |
Chronic kidney disease | 7 (3.3) | 2 (0.9) | 0.104 |
Diabetes mellitus | 11 (5.1) | 17 (7.8) | 0.262 |
Dyslipoproteinemia | 59 (27.6) | 56 (25.7) | 0.700 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 10 (4.7) | 5 (2.3) | 0.199 |
Current smoking status | 17 (7.9) | 17 (7.8) | 0.955 |
Surgery and anesthesia | |||
Type of surgery | 0.562 | ||
Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy | 103 (48) | 111 (51) | |
Open retropubic radical prostatectomy | 111 (52) | 107 (49) | |
Duration of surgery, min | 191 ± 46 | 177 ± 33 | 0.002 |
Estimated blood loss, ml | 670 ± 522 | 542 ± 404 | 0.015 |
Anesthesia maintenance | < 0.001 | ||
Sevoflurane | 121 (57) | 216 (99) | |
Propofol | 93 (44) | 2 (1) | |
Duration of anesthesia, min | 272 ± 53 | 250 ± 40 | < 0.001 |
Administered fluids, ml | 2738 ± 816 | 2573 ± 636 | 0.054 |
Sufentanil (μg kg−1 h−1) | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.003 |