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Table 2 Multicenter RCTs comparing impact of propofol vs. volatile anesthesia on survival after cancer surgery

From: General Anesthetics in CAncer REsection Surgery (GA-CARES) randomized multicenter trial of propofol vs volatile inhalational anesthesia: protocol description

Sponsor

country

Study arms

n = 

Eligible patients

Outcomes

P = primary

S = secondary

Trial

registration

Trial

status

China

Sevoflurane

vs propofol

1228 (actual)

Surgery for primary

malignant tumor; adults 65–90 years; no radiation or chemotherapy preoperatively; no neurologic disorders; no significant organ dysfunction

P: all-cause survival

(up to 5 y)

S: recurrence free survival (5 y); quality of life (3 y); cognitive function (3 y)

NCT02660411

Enrollment complete

USA

Volatile (sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane) vs. propofol

1804

(actual)

Lung, esophageal, pancreatic, radical bladder, liver, gallbladder; adults ≥ 18 years

P: all-cause survival (2–5 y)

S: cancer recurrence (2–5 y); postoperative length of stay

NCT03034096

Enrollment complete

Sweden

Sevoflurane

vs propofol

8000

(target)

Radical breast or colorectal cancer surgery; adults ≥ 18 years

P: all-cause survival (5 y)

S: all-cause survival (1 y)

NCT01975064

Enrolling

Australia

Sevoflurane vs. propofol; factorial design also randomizes to lidocaine infusion or not

5736

(target)

Stage I–III colorectal or stage I–IIIa NSC lung cancer; distant metastases, no significant liver disease; not receiving medications that are CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 inhibitors

P: disease free survival (3 y)

S: all-cause survival (3 y); postoperative complications (5 days postoperatively); chronic post surgical pain (90 days and 12 months)

NCT04316013

Enrolling

  1. RCT Randomized controlled trial, y Years follow