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Table 1 Precipitating factors for heart failure in preeclamptics

From: Preeclamptic heart failure — perioperative concerns and management: a narrative review

Cardiac factors

Hemodynamic factors

Intravascular fluid status

Others

• Myocardial ischemia

• Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

• Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure (acute hypertension)

• Increased endothelial permeability

• Decrease in intravascular oncotic pressure (albumin loss, postpartum autotransfusion)

• Autotransfusion after delivery

• Iatrogenic fluid overload

• Uterotonics (oxytocin)

• Pain

• Anxiety

• Labor

• Anesthesia