Fig. 3

Subgroup analysis of total doses of sufentanil with GLM in modified intention-to-treat population. None of the subgroups showed significant interactions. Plan A, subgroup analysis of total doses of sufentanil with GLM between distal–proximal group and regional group. Plan B, subgroup analysis of total doses of sufentanil with GLM between distal–proximal group and sham group. The sufentanil consumption effect of distal–proximal group was more prominent when compared with regional and sham groups in male and patients whose NYHA classification was III and underwent surgery in center 1