Table 2 Reported clinical outcomes

Reduced hospital length of stay (Peters et al. 2023b; Hsieh and Shannon 2005; Fathy et al. 2023; Loots et al. 2023; Oodit et al. 2021; Ammar et al. 2023; Plenge et al. 2023; Baluku et al. 2023; Elsabbagh et al. 2023; Ahmed et al. 2023; Elgamal et al. 2023; Abdelrazik and Sanad 2023)

12

Reduced pain score and improved management (Oodit et al. 2021; Ammar et al. 2023; Plenge et al. 2023; Ferghali et al. 2023; Mohamed Ibrahim et al. 2023; Ahmed et al. 2023; Elgamal et al. 2023)

7

Reduced morbidity (Hsieh and Shannon 2005; Oodit et al. 2021; Elsabbagh et al. 2023; Ahmed et al. 2023; Abdelrazik and Sanad 2023; Sarhan et al. 2023)

6

Early mobility (Plenge et al. 2023; Ferghali et al. 2023; Mohamed Ibrahim et al. 2023; Ahmed et al. 2023)

4

Lowered overall costs (Oodit et al. 2021; Ferghali et al. 2023; Elgamal et al. 2023; Abdelrazik and Sanad 2023)

4

Reduced mortality (Hsieh and Shannon 2005; Loots et al. 2023; Ferghali et al. 2023)

3

Early initiation of oral feeding (Fathy et al. 2023; Mohamed Ibrahim et al. 2023; Ahmed et al. 2023)

3

Reduced readmission (Loots et al. 2023; Ahmed et al. 2023)

2

Decrease in IV fluid requirement (Ammar et al. 2023; Baluku et al. 2023)

2

Improved quality of recovery (Ammar et al. 2023; Elgamal et al. 2023)

2

Improvement in functional scores (Ferghali et al. 2023)

1

Reduced catheterization duration (Plenge et al. 2023)

1

Improved patient satisfaction (Ferghali et al. 2023)

1

Early rehabilitation (Ferghali et al. 2023)

1

Better postoperative follow-up (Hsieh and Shannon 2005)

1

Reduced postoperative fever and chest infection (Peters et al. 2023b)

1

Shorter duration of antibiotic use (Fathy et al. 2023)

1