Table 4 Analgesic regimens
Year and author | Analgesic modality | N | Analgesic location | Drug regimen | Additional analgesia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flisberg et al. 2001 | TEA | 18 | T6–12 | 4 ml/h 0.25% bupivacaine + 0.125 mg/ml morphine | 4–6 ml 0.25% bupivacaine clinician bolus + / − clinician SC morphine |
IV | 15 |  | 0.5–4 mg/h IV morphine | 0.5–2 mg IV PCA morphine/15-min lockout + /– clinician SC morphine | |
Yokoyama et al. 2005 | Bilevel TEA | 15 | T34 + T10–11 | 4 ml/h 0.2% ropivacaine + 4 mcg/ml fentanyl | 5-ml 0.2% ropivacaine clinician bolus |
IV | 15 | Â | 1Â mg/h morphine IV | 2.5-mg IV PCA bolusa | |
Fares et al. 2014 | TEA | 15 | T5–7 | 0.1 ml/kg/h 0.125% bupivacaine + 5 mcg/ml fentanyl | 1-mg IV PCA morphine/5-min lockout |
IV | 15 | Â | 1-mg morphine IV PCA/5-min lockout | NR | |
Liu and Wang 2015 | TEA | 30 | T7–8 | 4-ml load + 4 ml/h of 0.1% ropivacaine | 4-ml PCEA bolus/40-min lockout |
IV | 30 |  | 5-ml load + 1 ml/h IV of 80-ml normal saline with 800-mg tramadol + 100-mg flurbiprofen | 2-ml IV PCA bolus/15-min lockout | |
Wang et al. 2017 | TEA | 40 | T7–8 | 3–4 ml/h 0.125% bupivacaine + 20 mcg/ml morphine | 3–4 ml PCEA bolusa |
IV | 40 |  | 0.6–1 mg/h morphine | 2–3 mg IV PCA bolusa | |
Wang et al. 2017 | TEA | 20 | NR | 3 ml/h 0.125% ropivacaine + 0.4 mcg/ml sufentanil | 3 ml/15-min lockout PCEA bolus |
IV | 20 |  | 0.03 mcg/kg/h sufentanil + 0.5 mg/ml flurbiprofen at 3 ml/h | 3-ml PCA bolus/15-min lockout (sufentanil + flurbiprofen) | |
Li 2019 | TEA | 50 | T7–8 | 0.125% ropivacaine + 2 mcg/ml fentanyl at 5 ml/h | 2-ml PCEA bolus/15-min lockout |
IV | 50 |  | 6 mcg/kg fentanyl + 12 mg/kg tramadol in 100 ml at 2 ml/h | 2-ml IV PCA bolus/15-min lockout | |
Zhu et al. 2020 | TEA | 60 | T4–6 | 2 ml/h of 100-ml normal saline with 200–300 mcg fentanyl, 150-mg ropivacaine and 5-mg droperidol | 0.5-ml PCEA bolus/15-min lockout |
IV | 60 | Â | 2Â ml/h of 100-ml normal saline with 15 mcg/kg fentanyl | 2-ml IV PCA bolus/15-min lockout | |
Maghsoudloo et al. 2023 | TEA | 40 | T6–8 | 4 ml/h 0.125% bupivacaine + 1 ml/h PCEA up to max 2 ml/h | 3-mg IV PCA morphine bolusa |
IV | 40 |  | 10 mcg/kg/h morphine + ketorolac 120 mg/day | 3-mg IV PCA morphine bolusa | |
Xu et al. 2023 | TEA | 56 | T6–9 | 2 ml/h 0.15% ropivacaine + 0.12 mg/kg morphine in 100 ml | 4-ml PCEA bolus/60-min lockout |
IV | 56 | Â | 1Â mg/h IV PCA oxycodone | 2-mg IV PCA bolus/5-min lockout | |
PVB + TAP | 56 | T4–7 | PVB 15-ml 0.33% ropivacaine at each level. TAP 20-ml 0.25% ropivacaine. Both intraoperative single-shot blocks | 1 mg/h IV oxycodone + 2-mg IV PCA bolus 5-min lockout |