Table 2 High and moderate overall level of certainty of the evidence in this meta-analysis

Preoperative gastrointestinal symptoms

762 (3 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁⨁

High^a

OR 7.66 (3.42 to 17.70)

32 per 1000

172 more per 1000 (70 more to 340 more)

Insulin rescue administration

629 (5 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁⨁

High

OR 0.39 (0.23 to 0.68)

612 per 1000

231 fewer per 1000 (346 fewer to 94 fewer)

Glycemic level

590 (6 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁⨁

High

-

MD 0.73 lower (1.13 lower to 0.33 lower)

Hypoglycemic events

680 (7 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁◯

Moderate^b

OR 0.60 (0.29 to 1.24)

74 per 1000

28 fewer per 1000 (51 fewer to 16 more)

Hyperglycemic events

435 (3 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁⨁

High

OR 0.89 (0.59 to 1.34)

347 per 1000

26 fewer per 1000 (108 fewer to 69 more)

Postoperative inotropic support assessed with the following: use of dobutamine, milrinone, and epinephrine

453 (5 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁◯

Moderate^b

OR 0.57 (0.33 to 1.01)

173 per 1000

67 fewer per 1000 (109 fewer to 1 more)

Postoperative nausea/vomiting (PONV)

572 (5 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁◯

Moderate^b

OR 1.35 (0.82 to 2.21)

125 per 1000

37 more per 1000 (20 fewer to 115 more)

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (A fib)

465 (5 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁◯

Moderate^b

OR 1.02 (0.52 to 2.01)

124 per 1000

2 more per 1000 (56 fewer to 98 more)

30-day postoperative mortality rate

482 (4 RCTs)

⨁⨁⨁◯

Moderate^b

OR 0.54 (0.14 to 2.05)

24 per 1000

11 fewer per 1000 (21 fewer to 24 more)

Residual gastric content assessed with endoscopy

991 (3 nonrandomized studies)

⨁⨁⨁⨁

High^c

OR 6.08 (2.86 to 12.94)

33 per 1000

139 more per 1000 (56 more to 274 more)