Table 2 Univariate analysis of preoperative frailty
Indicators | Frailty group (N = 59) | Non-frailty group (N = 316) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex [N (%)] | 0.479 | ||
Male | 30 (14.5) | 177 (85.5) | |
Female | 29 (17.3) | 139 (82.7) | |
Age (y,\(\overline{\chi } \pm {\text{s}}\)) | 70.03 ± 5.768 | 68.36 ± 5.310 | 0.029* |
BMI (kg/m2,\(\overline{\chi } \pm {\text{s}}\)) | 23.29 ± 3.65 | 22.83 ± 2.64 | 0.243 |
Smoking history [N(%)] | 0.160 | ||
Yes | 15 (12) | 110 (88) | |
No | 44 (17.6) | 206 (82.4) | |
Drinking history [N(%)] | 0.236 | ||
Yes | 10 (11.5) | 77 (88.5) | |
No | 49 (17) | 239 (83) | |
Number of comorbid chronic diseases [N (%)] | 0.018* | ||
0–2 | 50 (14.5) | 296 (85.5) | |
≥ 3 | 9 (31) | 20 (69) | |
Type of surgery [N (%)] | 0.514 | ||
Liver and gallbladder | 22 (13.3) | 143 (86.7) | |
Gastrointestinal | 34 (17.8) | 157 (82.2) | |
Pancreatic and spleen | 3 (15.8) | 16 (84.2) | |
Surgical method [N (%)] | 0.213 | ||
Laparoscopic surgery | 23 (13.2) | 151 (86.8) | |
Open abdominal surgery | 36 (17.9) | 165 (82.1) | |
Feature of surgery [N (%)] | 0.344 | ||
Cancer surgery | 43 (14.8) | 248 (85.2) | |
Non-cancer surgery | 16 (19) | 68 (81) | |
Marital status [N (%)] | 0.945 | ||
Married | 38 (15.6) | 205 (84.4) | |
Divorced or widowed | 21 (15.9) | 111 (84.1) | |
Education level [N (%)] | 0.558 | ||
Primary school and below | 18 (13) | 120 (87) | |
Junior high school | 24 (17.3) | 115 (82.7) | |
High school or vocational school | 11 (15.3) | 61 (84.7) | |
College degree and above | 6 (23.1) | 20 (76.9) | |
Monthly family income per capita [N (%)] | 0.812 | ||
Less than $ 141 (¥1000) | 33 (15.8) | 176 (84.2) | |
$141–707 (¥1000–5000) | 19 (14.6) | 111 (85.4) | |
More than $707 (¥5000) | 7 (19.4) | 29 (80.6) | |
Living alone [N (%)] | 0.105 | ||
Yes | 16 (22.2) | 56 (77.8) | |
No | 43 (14.2) | 260 (85.8) | |
Preoperative anemia [N (%)] | 0.06 | ||
Yes | 23 (21.3) | 85 (78.7) | |
No | 36 (13.5) | 231 (86.5) | |
Emotional distress [N (%)] | 0.609 | ||
Yes | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | |
No | 58 (15.6) | 313 (84.4) | |
ADL [N (%)] | 0.014* | ||
No dependency | 2 (13.3) | 13 (86.7) | |
Mild dependency | 28 (12.8) | 190 (87.2) | |
Moderate dependency | 23 (17.8) | 106 (82.2) | |
Severe dependency | 6 (46.2) | 7 (53.8) | |
Nutritional status [N (%)] | 0.015 | ||
Without risk of malnutrition | 26 (11.8) | 194 (88.2) | |
With risk of malnutrition | 33 (21.3) | 122 (78.7) |