Table 3 Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated With Pulmonary Complications After Total Joint after Shoulder Arthroplasty (Pneumonia and Respiratory Failure)

 ≥ 60

0.66

(0.23,1.88)

0.44

1.83

(0.70,4.77)

0.21

Sex (% female)

0.75

(0.48,1.18)

0.21

0.83

(0.54,1.26)

0.38

Race (%)

 Caucasian

——

——

0.69

——

——

0.70

 African-American

1.10

(0.39, 3.12)

0.85

0.43

(0.13,1.46)

0.18

 Hispanic

1.49

(0.52, 4.23)

0.45

0.32

(0.04,2.37)

0.26

 Asian or Pacifi c Islander

3.31

(0.44, 24.98)

0.24

0

0

0.99

 Native American

3.11

(0.39, 24.68)

0.28

0

0

0.99

 Other

0.790

(0.10, 5.86)

0.81

0.83

(0.17,4.01)

0.82

Hospital bed size

 Small

——

——

0.17

——

——

0.16

 Medium

1.31

(0.68,2.50)

0.41

2.02

(0.97,4.21)

0.06

 Big

0.82

(0.45,1.50)

0.53

1.73

(0.87,3.43)

0.11

Hospital location

 Teaching

0.98

(0.62,1.53)

0.93

1.10

(0.46,2.63)

0.81

 Urban nonteaching

1.1

(0.41,2.94)

0.85

0.81

(0.53,1.24)

0.33

Type of insure (%)

 Medicare

——

——

 < 0.05

——

——

 < 0.05

 Medicaid

3.34

(1.14,9.77)

 < 0.05

2.01

(0.64,6.30)

0.22

 Private insurance

1.30

(0.68,2.49)

0.42

0.80

(0.42,1.54)

0.52

 Self-pay

3.87

(0.47,31.43)

0.20

7.72

(1.52,39.13)

 < 0.05

 No charge

18.38

(2.03,166.09)

 < 0.05

20.43

(2.26,184.5)

 < 0.05

 Other

2.15

(0.73,6.34)

0.16

1.82

(0.68,4.90)

0.23

CCI

0.78

(0.19,3.25)

0.74

0.79

(0.52,1.20)

0.28

Region of hospital

 Northeast

——

——

0.61

——

——

0.46

 Midwest

1.36

(0.63,2.93)

0.41

0.89

(0.44,1.79)

0.74

 South

1.47

(0.74,2.93)

0.26

1.21

(0.67,2.21)

0.51

 West

1.12

(0.50,2.49)

0.77

0.83

(0.41,1.69)

0.61

AIDS

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

Alcohol abuse

3.21

(1.16,8.89)

 < 0.05

4.74

(1.91,11.7)

 < 0.05

Defciency anemia

2.16

(1.32,3.54)

 < 0.05

1.19

(0.71,1.9)

0.49

Arthralgia

1.55

(0.30,7.83)

0.59

1.82

(0.81,4.09)

0.14

Chronic blood loss anemia

2.91

(0.87,9.71)

0.08

1.83

(0.40,8.23)

0.42

Congestive heart failure

4.09

(0.87,19.15)

0.07

5.78

(2.97,11.26)

 < 0.05

Chronic pulmonary disease

2.32

(0.51,10.42)

0.27

4.94

(2.81,8.68)

 < 0.05

Coagulopathy

1.81

(0.73,4.46)

0.19

1.34

(0.52,3.43)

0.53

Depression

1.28

(0.74,2.21)

0.37

1.19

(0.72,1.9)

0.48

Diabetes, uncomplicated

1.21

(0.26,5.57)

0.81

0.95

(0.49,1.82)

0.88

Diabetes with chronic complications

1.54

(0.06,34.65)

0.78

3.37

(1.07,10.63)

 < 0.05

Drug abuse

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

Hypertension

0.64

(0.40,1.02)

0.06

0.83

(0.53,1.31)

0.44

Hypothyroidism

1.12

(0.65,1.92)

0.67

1.01

(0.61,1.67)

0.96

Liver

1.60

(0.06,41.12)

0.77

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

Lymphoma

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

Fluid and electrolyte disorders

4.02

(2.51,6.44)

 < 0.05

3.60

(2.34,5.56)

 < 0.05

Metastatic cancer

6.17

(0.09, 8.10)

0.53

30.23

(1.74,523.67)

 < 0.05

Neurological disorders

2.79

(0.60, 13.00)

0.19

1.43

(0.63,3.25)

0.39

Obesity

1.04

(0.57,1.91)

0.87

1.64

(1.02,2.64)

 < 0.05

Paralysis

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

1.26

(0.12,12.73)

0.84

Peripheral vascular disorders

2.03

(0.39,2.56)

0.39

1.78

(0.73,4.34)

0.20

Psychoses

3.34

(0.17,6.87)

0.42

1.55

(0.39,6.09)

0.52

Pulmonary circulation disorders

2.69

(1.08,6.71)

 < 0.05

7.40

(4.05,13.51)

 < 0.05

Renal failure

2.16

(0.11,39.73)

0.60

3.42

(1.21, 9.66)

 < 0.05

Tumor

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

Ulcer

0.00

(0.00, ——)

0.99

7.7

(3.72, 44.60)

 < 0.05

Valvular disease

0.52

(0.18,1.51)

0.23

0.74

(0.34, 1.59)

0.44

Weight loss

6.26

(2.45,15.96)

 < 0.05

6.00

(2.38, 15.13)

 < 0.05