Fig. 1
The flow chart of different strategies of fluid management in patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney injury, CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass, CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy, MiECC, minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation, HES, hydroxyethyl starch, PSM, propensity score-matching. *Modified low-priming system is a novel low-priming modified CPB system which has been used in our center since 2010. The low-priming CPB system consists of a short-tubing circuit, an oxygenator with an integrated arterial filter, a vacuum-assisted venous drainage device, and microcardioplegia. †Other types of surgery included heart transplantation, left ventricular assist device implantation, and thoracoscopic surgery