Table 2 Summary of characteristics between the CKD group and the non-CKD group
From: Effects of chronic kidney disease on complications and mortality after fracture surgery
Characteristics | Studies | Participants (CKD/ non-CKD) | Mean difference/odds ratio (95%CIs) | Heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline information | ||||
 Sex, male | 17 | 78,029/930,915 | 1.69 [1.20, 2.39]; P = 0.003 | I2 = 100%; P < 0.00001 |
 Age, year | 10 | 14,370/792,891 |  − 1.49 [− 3.32, 0.33]; P = 0.11 | I2 = 99%; P < 0.00001 |
 BMI, kg/m2 | 5 | 9625/551,338 |  − 0.80 [− 1.63, 0.33]; P = 0.06 | I2 = 82%; P = 0.0002 |
 Smoke | 5 | 4706/393,789 | 1.51 [1.41, 1.62]; P < 0.00001 | I2 = 39%; P = 0.16 |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Diabetes | 11 | 57,024/1,256,884 | 2.57 [1.59, 4.16]; P = 0.0001 | I2 = 100%; P < 0.00001 |
 Hypertension | 6 | 51,820/333,867 | 1.74 [1.06, 2.86]; P = 0.03 | I2 = 99%; P < 0.00001 |
 Heart failure | 9 | 66,339/1,203,011 | 2.04 [1.48, 2.80]; P < 0.00001 | I2 = 99%; P < 0.00001 |
 Chronic pulmonary disease | 6 | 55,954/650,232 | 1.32 [1.07, 1.64]; P = 0.01 | I2 = 97%; P < 0.00001 |
 Coronary heart disease | 4 | 10,002/88,670 | 2.18 [1.63, 2.91]; P < 0.00001 | I2 = 58%; P = 0.07 |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 3 | 5396/324,906 | 3.46 [1.25, 8.28]; P = 0.005 | I2 = 93%; P < 0.00001 |
 Dementia | 3 | 48,875/327,631 | 1.90 [1.05, 3.44]; P = 0.03 | I2 = 99%; P < 0.00001 |
 Wound infection | 4 | 10,053/43,562 | 1.33 [1.06, 1.66]; P = 0.01 | I2 = 4%; P = 0.37 |
Surgery-related information | ||||
 Femoral neck fractures | 4 | 3857/24,431 | 1.19 [0.95, 1.49]; P = 0.13 | I2 = 77%; P = 0.005 |
 Trochanteric fractures | 4 | 3857/24,431 | 0.82 [0.63, 1.07]; P = 0.14 | I2 = 83%; P = 0.0005 |
 Arthroplasty | 5 | 8023/340,894 | 1.06 [0.86, 1.31]; P = 0.57 | I2 = 90%; P < 0.00001 |
 CRIF/ORIF | 5 | 8023/340,894 | 0.94 [0.76, 1.16]; P = 0.57 | I2 = 90%; P < 0.00001 |
 Length of hospital stay | 4 | 10,227/716,515 | 4.41 [− 1.94, 10.76]; P = 0.17 | I2 = 100%; P < 0.00001 |
Postoperative complications | ||||
 Cerebral vascular accident | 6 | 5916/86,010 | 0.93 [0.56, 1.56]; P = 0.79 | I2 = 92%; P < 0.00001 |
 Myocardial infarction | 4 | 12,423/34,595 | 1.67 [1.54, 1.81]; P < 0.00001 | I2 = 33%; P = 0.21 |
 Liver failure | 5 | 8852/394,030 | 2.33 [0.63, 8.55]; P = 0.20 | I2 = 99%; P < 0.00001 |
 Sepsis | 3 | 11,426/29,610 | 1.23 [0.73, 2.09]; P = 0.44 | I2 = 75%; P = 0.02 |
 Complication | 4 | 3045/6270 | 1.59 [0.72, 3.54]; P = 0.25 | I2 = 95%; P < 0.00001 |