Table 1 Comparison of preoperative risk factors in participants with and without delirium

Demographic characteristics

 Age in years, (mean ± SD)

52.94 ± 12.84

65.17 ± 9.26

 < 0.001*

 Male gender (%)

306 (70.8)

314 (64.3)

0.036*

 Married patients (%)

388 (89.8)

478 (98)

 < 0.001*

 Having family support (%)

413 (95.6)

465 (95.3)

0.819

 Body mass index, (mean ± SD)

26.17 ± 4.57

26.98 ± 11.60

0.175

 Education level, diploma and higher (%)

339 (78.5)

182 (37.3)

 < 0.001*

 Smoker, yes (%)

73 (16.9)

236 (48.4)

 < 0.001*

 Addiction, yes (%)

17 (3.9)

121 (24.8)

 < 0.001*

Clinical characteristics

 Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, ≥ 4 (%)

137 (31.7)

361 (74)

 < 0.001*

 APACHE II, ≤ 10 (%)

60 (13.9)

364 (74.6)

 < 0.001*

 EURO score, ≥ 3 (%)

123 (28.5)

355 (72.7)

 < 0.001*

 Metabolic syndrome, yes (%)

1 (0.2)

5 (1)

0.136

 Ejection fraction (EF), ≤ 50% (%)

199 (46.1)

344 (70.5)

 < 0.001*

 Carotid status, stenosis < 50% with occlusion (%)

319 (73.8)

210 (43)

 < 0.001*

 Nutrition status, malnourished (%)

1 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

0.931

 Angiography history, ≥ 8 (%)

231 (53.5)

200 (41)

 < 0.001*

 Parkinson’s disease history, yes (%)

1 (0.2)

7 (1.4)

0.073

 Sleep disorder history, yes (%)

60 (13.9)

362 (74.2)

 < 0.001*

 Psychiatric disorder history, yes (%)

2 (0.5)

31 (6.4)

 < 0.001*

 Speech problem history, yes (%)

1 (0.2)

7 (1.4)

0.073

 Visual impairment history, yes (%)

40 (9.3)

192 (39.3)

 < 0.001*

 Hearing impairment history, yes (%)

11 (2.5)

133 (27.3)

 < 0.001*

 Admission history, yes (%)

260 (60.2)

445 (91.2)

 < 0.001*

 Coronary artery disease (CAD), yes (%)

292 (67.6)

315 (64.5)

0.331

 Valve impairments, yes (%)

140 (32.4)

173 (35.5)

0.331

Laboratory data

 Hematocrit (Hct) levels, median (IQR)

43.3 (39.05–64.4)

40.5 (36.8–44.20)

 < 0.001*

 Creatinine (Cr) levels (mg/dL), median (IQR)

1.1 (0.9–1.2)

1.2 (1–1.3)

 < 0.001*

Medication data

 Atorvastatin history, yes (%)

384 (88.9)

465 (95.3)

 < 0.001*

 Warfarin history, yes (%)

3 (0.7)

11 (2.3)

0.062

 Benzodiazepines history, yes (%)

59 (13.7)

353 (72.3)

 < 0.001*

 Number of medications, ≥ 4 (%)

234 (54.2)

374 (76.6)

 < 0.001*