Table 1 Baseline and perioperative information before propensity score matching

Age (year, N (%))

0.966

< 65

1313 (90.93)

689 (90.90)

624 (90.96)

≥65

131 (9.07)

69 (9.10)

62 (9.04)

Sex, N (%)

<0.001

Female

666 (46.12)

385 (50.79)

281 (40.96)

Male

778 (53.88)

373 (49.21)

405 (59.04)

BMI (kg/m², N (%))

0.097

<23

649 (44.94)

325 (42.88)

324 (47.23)

≥23

795 (55.06)

433 (57.12)

362 (52.77)

Smoking, N (%)

162 (11.22)

62 (8.18)

100 (14.58)

<0.001

Diabetes, N (%)

32 (2.22)

18 (2.37)

14 (2.04)

0.667

Hypertension, N (%)

285 (19.74)

169 (22.30)

116 (16.91)

0.010

Stroke, N (%)

39 (2.7)

32 (4.22)

7 (1.02)

<0.001

Arrhythmia, N (%)

226 (15.65)

94 (12.40)

132 (19.24)

<0.001

History of cardiovascular surgery, N (%)

38 (2.63)

14 (1.85)

24 (3.50)

0.050

History of VH, N (%)

68 (4.71)

25 (3.30)

43 (6.27)

0.008

Preop use of VA, N (%)

169 (11.7)

77 (10.16)

92 (13.41)

0.055

Preop use of ABX, N (%)

133 (9.21)

54 (7.12)

79 (11.52)

0.004

NYHA, N (%)

<0.001

I

132 (9.14)

82 (10.82)

50 (7.29)

II

708 (49.03)

430 (56.73)

278 (40.52)

III

538 (37.26)

235 (31.00)

303 (44.17)

IV

66 (4.57)

11 (1.45)

55 (8.02)

LVEF (%, M (IQR))

57.00 (53.00, 59.00)

57.00 (55.00, 59.00)

56.50 (52.00, 58.00)

<0.001

WBC (×10⁹/L, M (IQR))

5.68 (4.78, 6.88)

5.55 (4.73, 6.60)

5.84 (4.83, 7.19)

<0.001

UA (μmol/L, M (IQR))

354.00 (293.00, 416.00)

342.00 (280.00, 404.75)

362.00 (304.00, 428.00)

<0.001

Creatinine (μmoI/L, M (IQR))

74.00 (65.00, 86.00)

73.00 (64.00, 85.00)

75.00 (66.00, 87.00)

0.032

TC (mmol/L, M (IQR))

3.90 (3.27, 4.59)

3.94 (3.31, 4.60)

3.89 (3.23, 4.57)

0.258

LDL (mmol/L, M (IQR))

2.50 (2.03, 3.00)

2.52 (2.07, 3.01)

2.49 (2.01, 2.99)

0.250

GLU (mmol/L, M (IQR))

4.80 (4.45, 5.32)

4.79 (4.42, 5.24)

4.82 (4.47, 5.45)

0.022

Status of the operation, N (%)

<0.001

Elective

1391 (96.33)

756 (99.74)

635 (92.57)

Urgent

45 (3.12)

1 (0.13)

44 (6.41)

Emergency

8 (0.55)

1 (0.13)

7 (1.02)

Aortic surgery, N (%)

104 (7.2)

25 (3.30)

79 (11.52)

<0.001

MAZE procedure, N (%)

44 (3.05)

22 (2.90)

22 (3.21)

0.737

Transfusion of blood, N (%)

624 (43.21)

236 (31.13)

388 (56.56)

<0.001

Cross-clamp time, (min, M (IQR))

82 (62, 111)

64 (54, 75)

113 (97, 132)

<0.001

MHCA, N (%)

50 (3.46)

3 (0.40)

47 (6.85)

<0.001

Type of surgery, N (%)

<0.001

Aortic valve

722 (50)

403 (53.17)

319 (46.50)

Mitral valve

188 (13.02)

106 (13.98)

82 (11.95)

Tricuspid valve

32 (2.22)

20 (2.64)

12 (1.75)

Aortic+mitral valve

145 (10.04)

23 (3.03)

122 (17.78)

Aortic+tricuspid valve

13 (0.9)

3 (0.40)

10 (1.46)

Aortic+mitral+tricuspid valve

250 (17.31)

182 (24.01)

68 (9.91)

Valve surgery+CABG

94 (6.51)

21 (2.77)

73 (10.64)