Table 4 Logistic analysis of GICs after CPB before propensity score matched

Age (≥65 years vs. <65 years)

1.55 (0.89–2.71)

0.123

Sex (female vs. male)

1.82 (1.23–2.69)

0.003

1.73 (1.13–2.66)

0.012

BMI (≥23 kg/m² vs. <23 kg/m²)

0.99 (0.68–1.43)

0.960

Smoking (yes vs. no)

0.67 (0.35–1.31)

0.247

Diabetes (yes vs. no)

1.54 (0.53–4.46)

0.428

Hypertension (yes vs. no)

1.40 (0.91–2.15)

0.125

Stroke (yes vs. no)

0.27 (0.04–2.01)

0.204

Arrhythmia (yes vs. no)

1.49 (0.94–2.35)

0.090

History of cardiovascular surgery (yes vs. no)

1.26 (0.44–3.61)

0.666

NYHA

I

1.00 (Ref)

II

2.30 (0.70–7.59)

0.170

III

6.12 (1.89–19.77)

0.002

5.84 (1.70–20.04)

0.005

IV

16.12 (4.54–57.21)

<0.001

10.65 (2.79–40.60)

<0.001

History of VH (yes vs. no)

0.84 (0.33–2.12)

0.710

Preop use of VA (yes vs. no)

3.00 (1.94–4.66)

<0.001

2.75 (1.70–4.45)

<0.001

Preop use of ABX (yes vs. no)

1.06 (0.57–1.98)

0.851

WBC (×10⁹/L)

1.05 (0.98–1.13)

0.191

UA (μmol/L)

1.01 (1.01–1.01)

<0.001

Creatinine (μmoI/L)

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.153

TC (mmol/L)

0.98 (0.82–1.18)

0.865

LDL (mmol/L)

0.91 (0.71–1.16)

0.433

GLU (mmol/L)

1.06 (0.96–1.16)

0.242

LVEF (%)

0.93 (0.90–0.96)

<0.001

Status of the operation

Elective

1.00 (Ref)

Urgent

0.75 (0.23–2.45)

0.634

Emergency

0.00 (0.00–Inf)

0.980

Prolonged CPB (yes vs. no)

5.22 (3.30–8.26)

<0.001

3.19 (1.94–5.25)

<0.001

Aortic surgery (yes vs. no)

2.25 (1.29–3.93)

0.004

2.18 (1.18–4.02)

0.013

MAZE (yes vs. no)

0.77 (0.24–2.53)

0.671

Transfusion of blood (yes vs. no)

1.93 (1.33–2.80)

<0.001

Cross-clamp time (min)

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

<0.001

MHCA (yes vs. no)

3.20 (1.59–6.41)

0.001

4.54 (2.02–10.24)

<0.001

Type of surgery

Aortic valve

1.00 (Ref)

Mitral valve

1.19 (0.65–2.17)

0.570

Tricuspid valve

0.92 (0.21–3.94)

0.906

Aortic+mitral valve

2.59 (1.52–4.41)

<0.001

Aortic+tricuspid valve

4.12 (1.10–15.46)

0.036

Aortic+mitral+tricuspid valve

0.94 (0.52–1.68)

0.833

Valve surgery+CABG

2.82 (1.53–5.19)

<0.001