The impact of frailty on functional recovery after cardiac surgery—a case control study

Table 1 Scoring system to calculate the Patient Frailty Index (pFI)—adapted from McIsaac et al. (McIsaac et al. 2021)]

Variable	Source	Points
Variable	Source	0	0.5	1
Anticholinergic risk scale	ACB^a	0	1–2	> 2
Arrhythmia	WCP^b	None		Present
Cancer	WCP^c	None		Present
Cerebrovascular disease	WCP^d	None		Present
COPD	WCP^e	None		Present
Dementia	WCP	None		Present
Dental	WCP	None		Present
Dermatologic	WCP^f	None		Present
Diabetes mellitus	WCP	None		Present
Dialysis	WCP	None		Present
Drug or alcohol abuse	WCP	None		Present
Heart failure	WCP^g	None		Present
Hemiparesis	WCP^h	None		Present
History of falls	WCPⁱ	None		Present
Home oxygen	WCP	None		Present
HOMR score	HOMR^j	0–21	22–55	> 55
Hypertension	WCP^k	None		Present
Injury	WCP	None	Minor	Major
Liver disease	WCP	None		Present
Multimorbidity	CCI^l	0	1–2	> 2
Myocardial infarction	WCP	None		Present
Peripheral vascular disease	WCP	None		Present
Psychosocial	WCP^m	None		Present
Resource use	WCPⁿ	0–1	2–3	4–5
Rheumatic disease	WCP	None		Present
Socioeconomic status	ONS^o	4 th/5 th	3rd	1 st/2nd
Ear, nose, throat	WCP	None	Stable	Unstable
Eye	WCP	None	Stable	Unstable
Weight loss	WCP^p	None		Present

The pFI is calculated by adding the score for each deficit and dividing this number by the total number of deficits measured
WCP Welsh Clinical Portal, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NYHA New York Heart Association
^aAnticholinergic Burden Calculator http://acbcalc.com (King and Rabino)
^bAny recorded history of atrial fibrillation or flutter, 2nd− or 3rd-degree heart block, sick sinus syndrome, ventricular arrhythmia or pacemaker. Not 1 st-degree heart block
^cLymphoma, metastatic cancer, solid tumour without metastasis—not low-grade skin cancers
^dCarotid occlusion or > 50% stenosis
^eFEV1 < 75% of the predicted value or on chronic inhaled or oral bronchodilator therapy
^fDermatologic condition requiring systemic therapy
^gNYHA II or greater
^hHemiparesis. Not TIA with full recovery
ⁱAny inpatient or emergency department record following injury
^jHospital-patient one-year mortality risk (HOMR) score (van Walraven et al. 2015)
^kHypertension diagnosed and treated with medication, diet and/or exercise
^lCharlson comorbidity index (Armitage and van der Meulen 2010)
^mBehavioural problems or depression. Cannabis abuse, panic disorder, bulimia, schizophrenia, alcohol withdrawal delirium tremens
ⁿResource use—non or healthy user (0). Low or moderate (0.5). High or very high (1)
^oOffice for National Statistics. Income quintiles (Income 2018)
^pBody mass index < 20. Unplanned weight loss in the past 6 months > 5%

ISSN: 2047-0525