Fig. 3

Subgroup analysis of the trial. Abbreviations: AKI acute kidney injury, NSAIDS nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ASA American society of Anesthesiologists, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate. Intraoperative fluid balance = Total volume infused-urine output-estimated blood loss − physiological requirement. Physiological requirement = body weight × 3 ml/kg/h × duration of surgery. eGFR for male = [(140 − age) × weight × 1.23]/serum creatinine, eGFR for female = [(140 − age) × weight × 1.04]/serum creatinine