Fig. 5

Comparison of pain levels among the groups. Pain levels were evaluated at 8, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively using a VAS. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ERAS, enhanced recovery after surgery; TD, thoracotomy decortication; TRP, traditional rehabilitation procedures; VAS, visual analogue scale; VATD, video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication