Table 2 Preparation, airway management approach, induction and maintenance of anesthesia, surgery, and recovery of the patients
From: Anesthetic outcomes in pediatric tonsillectomy: insights from the Palestinian experience
Variable | n (%) |
|---|---|
Airway management and intubation | |
 Preoxygenation preceding anesthetic induction and intubation, n (%) | 238 (100.0) |
 Oropharyngeal airway to maintain unobstructed passage, n (%) | 238 (100.0) |
 Oral-tracheal intubation to maintain open airway, n (%) | 238 (100.0) |
 MAC video laryngoscope combines both direct and video laryngoscope in an affordable handheld device, n (%) | 238 (100.0) |
 Cricoid pressure technique used in endotracheal intubation, n (%) | 2 (0.8) |
Anesthesia induction agents | |
 Propofol, n (%) | 230 (96.6) |
 Fentanyl, n (%) | 183 (76.9) |
 Ketamine, n (%) | 55 (23.1) |
 Midazolam, n (%) | 25 (10.5) |
 Induction to incision time (min), mean ± SD | 5.2 ± 1.1 |
Anesthesia maintenance | |
 Sevoflurane, n (%) | 227 (95.4) |
 Nitrous oxide, n (%) | 61 (25.6) |
 Isoflurane, n (%) | 11 (4.6) |
 Oxygen, n (%) | 238 (100.0) |
Muscle relaxants | |
 Rocuronium, n (%) | 213 (89.5) |
Intraoperative analgesics/pain management | |
 Lidocaine to preventing propofol-induced pain, n (%) | 43 (18.1) |
 Pethidine, n (%) | 5 (2.1) |
 Morphine, n (%) | 10 (4.2) |
Intraoperative antibiotics | |
 Cefazolin, n (%) | 48 (20.2) |
 Ceftriaxone, n (%) | 3 (1.3) |
 Cefixime, n (%) | 1 (0.4) |
 Cefuroxime, n (%) | 1 (0.4) |
Intravenous line size | |
 16 Fr, n (%) | 1 (0.4) |
 18 Fr, n (%) | 2 (0.8) |
 20 Fr, n (%) | 9 (3.8) |
 22 Fr, n (%) | 138 (58.0) |
 24 Fr, n (%) | 88 (37.0) |
Arterial line | |
 22 Fr, n (%) | 1 (0.4) |
 24 Fr, n (%) | 2 (0.8) |
 Intraoperative systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 110.6 ± 13.1 |
 Intraoperative diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 65.6 ± 11.5 |
 Intraoperative heart rate (beat/min) | 115.3 ± 18.3 |
 Duration of surgery (min) | 26.4 ± 5.4 |
Swabs and instruments count | |
 Correct, n (%) | 238 (100.0) |
Estimated amount of blood loss | |
 Minimal, n (%) | 238 (100.0) |
Condition of the patient at the end of the procedure | |
 Stable, n (%) | 238 (100.0) |
Patient discharge to | |
 Post-anesthesia care unit, n (%) | 238 (100.0) |
Postoperative antibiotics | |
 Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, n (%) | 234 (98.3) |
 Ceftriaxone, n (%) | 2 (0.8) |
 Cefixime, n (%) | 1 (0.4) |
 Azithromycin, n (%) | 1 (0.4) |
Postoperative analgesics | |
 Paracetamol, n (%) | 195 (81.9) |
 Diclofenac, n (%) | 7 (2.9) |
Medications for nausea/vomiting/anti-inflammatory | |
 Dexamethasone, n (%) | 177 (74.4) |
Postoperative complications | |
 Bluish discoloration of the left upper eyelid, n (%) | 1 (0.4) |