Table 5 Anesthetic effect, and intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions

Highest sensory block plane, n (%)

0.391

 ≤ T4

6 (8.1)

2 (2.7)

2 (6.3)

 > T4

68 (91.9)

72 (97.3)

30 (93.8)

Time to onset of lower extremity motor block, min, median, IQR

2 (2–3.25)

3 (2–4)

2 (2–3)

0.046

Duration of sensory block, min, mean (SD)

461 (309)

467 (336)

348 (121)

0.138

Duration of lower limb motor block, min, mean (SD)

316 (183)

306 (167)

264 (94)

0.316

Intraoperative adverse event, n (%)

 Low body temperature

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Hypotension

12 (16.2)

3 (4.1)^a,b

6 (18.8)

0.027

 Hypertension

4 (5.4)

4 (5.4)

2 (6.3)

0.982

 Bradycardia

15 (20.3)

10 (13.5)

6 (18.8)

0.536

 Tachycardia

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Depression of respiration

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Hypoxemia

4 (5.4)

4 (5.4)

0 (0.0)

0.455

 Shiver

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Vomiting

0 (0.0)

6 (8.1)^a

0 (0.0)

0.014

 Nausea

8 (10.8)

14 (18.9)^b

0 (0.0)

0.015

 Pruritus

1 (1.4)

3 (4.1)

0 (0.0)

0.525

Adverse event on POD1, n (%)

 Depression of respiration

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Hypoxemia

5 (6.8)

4 (5.4)

0 (0.0)

0.446

 Shiver

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Vomiting

3 (4.1)

9 (12.2)

1 (3.1)

0.100

 Nausea

9 (12.2)

22 (29.7)^a

3 (9.4)

0.008

 Pruritus

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Headache

0 (0.0)

1 (1.4)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Low back pain

11 (14.9)

10 (13.5)

6 (18.8)

0.786

 No urinary catheterization

65 (87.8)

67 (90.5)

32 (100.0)

0.202

Adverse event on POD3, n (%)

 Depression of respiration

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Hypoxemia

2 (2.7)

1 (1.4)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Shiver

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Vomiting

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Nausea

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Pruritus

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Headache

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

> 0.999

 Low back pain

8 (10.8)

5 (6.8)

3 (9.4)

0.683